Arthrogryposis

What is arthrogryposis?

Arthrogryposis is a condition where a baby is born with stiff joints and weak muscles. This can affect movement in the arms, legs, and sometimes other joints.  It is often associated with decreased fetal movements felt in pregnancy or seen on ultrasound scan.

The areas that are most likely to have a lack of movement are the shoulders, elbows, wrists, hands, hips, knees and feet. Arthrogryposis is non-progressive, meaning that the lack of movement, does not get worse with time.

Arthrogryposis is not a diagnosis, instead it is a clinical finding, and it has many different underlying causes.

How is arthrogryposis diagnosed?

It is often seen during a pregnancy ultrasound. The baby may be seen with fixed positions of the limbs or may not move much in the womb.

What causes arthrogryposis?

The conditions has multiple, different underlying causes. Sometimes, it happens because the muscles or nerves do not develop properly. It can also be linked to problems with movement in the uterus, genetic conditions, or infections.

What does it mean for my baby?

The outcome can vary. Some babies may have only a few joints affected and can have good mobility after treatment. Others may have more severe forms that affect multiple joints and may need surgeries or therapies.

What happens after birth?

Babies may need treatment with physiotherapy, splints, or surgery. A team of specialists will be involved in planning care.

Will it happen again?

Most cases are not inherited, but if a genetic cause is found, there may be a small risk in future pregnancies. Your doctor may recommend genetic testing and counselling.