What is duodenal atresia?
Duodenal atresia is a condition where the upper part of the baby’s small intestine (called the duodenum) is blocked or closed. This prevents food and fluid from passing through the stomach and intestines properly.
It is often seen on a pregnancy ultrasound as a 'double bubble' sign – two fluid-filled areas in the baby’s abdomen. Excess fluid around the baby can also be associated with this condition and can be seen on ultrasound. It may also be found after birth if a baby has feeding problems or vomits soon after birth. Additional invasive testing may be offered to check for other conditions or genetic issues.
During the baby’s development, before birth, the duodenum is supposed to form a hollow tube. Sometimes this tube does not open properly, causing a blockage. It usually happens by chance during development in the womb but sometimes it is linked to genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome.
Babies with duodenal atresia usually need surgery soon after birth to unblock the intestine. With treatment, most babies recover well, usually go home after a few weeks, and grow normally.
- Regular ultrasound scans – These help us monitor your baby’s stomach and duodenum, check the amount of amniotic fluid, follow your baby’s growth, and look for any other concerns as the pregnancy progresses.
- A detailed heart scan (fetal echocardiogram) – This is usually done around the time of diagnosis to check your baby’s heart. Heart differences can sometimes occur alongside this condition, especially if Down syndrome is present.
- Genetic counselling and testing – You may be offered a discussion with a specialist to talk through the option of genetic testing. This may include a test that involves taking a small sample from the pregnancy.
Your baby will be cared for in a neonatal unit. Surgery is done to correct the blockage and your baby will need transferring to a tertiary centre for this. Feeding usually starts a few days after surgery once the intestines have healed.
Most children do well after surgery and grow normally. Some may have temporary feeding difficulties. If duodenal atresia is associated with other conditions, there may be additional health considerations. Babies who were born with duodenal atresia can have reflux and will be followed up throughout childhood.
It usually happens only once and is not inherited. If a genetic condition is found, your doctor may offer tests and counselling.