What is PPROM?
PPROM stands for Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. It means your waters (amniotic sac) have broken before 37 weeks of pregnancy and before labour has started. Normally your waters break shortly before or during labour. It can lead to early birth and increase the risk of infection for both mother and baby.
If you notice a gushing feeling or fluid leaking from your vagina, your healthcare team may do a speculum examination to see if there is amniotic fluid there. Ultrasound may be used to check fluid levels, and sometimes a special swab test is used to confirm the diagnosis.
Often, no clear cause is found. Possible reasons include:
Infection (e.g. bacterial vaginosis or urinary tract infections may weaken the amniotic sac)
Weak or shortened cervix
Trauma
Smoking
Placental problems
Overdistension (e.g., with twins or too much fluid)
Previous PPROM or preterm birth
PPROM can lead to early birth and increase the risk of complications such as infection, breathing difficulties, and other health issues. However, with careful monitoring and treatment, many babies do well.
You will usually be advised to stay in hospital to be closely monitored for signs of infection. Antibiotics are often given to reduce the risk of infection. You may also be given steroids to help your baby’s lungs mature and, in some cases, magnesium sulfate to protect the baby’s brain. If you are well with no signs of infection, then it may be better to continue monitoring and carry on with the pregnancy until 37 weeks. Your healthcare team will decide on the best time for delivery depending on your gestational age, status of your membranes and the health of you and your baby.
There is a slightly higher chance of PPROM in future pregnancies. Your care team may offer extra monitoring and preventive treatments next time.