Spina Bifida
What is spina bifida?
Spina bifida is a condition where part of the baby’s spine and spinal cord does not develop properly. It happens early in pregnancy and can lead to nerve and muscle problems.
How is spina bifida diagnosed?
Spina bifida is often found during the 20-week pregnancy scan. The scan may show an opening in the spine or signs in the brain linked to spina bifida. Further investigations such as a blood test that measures a protein made by the fetus, fetal MRI or amniocentesis may be offered.
What causes spina bifida?
Spina bifida happens when the neural tube (which becomes the spine and brain) does not close completely. It is thought to be caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors, including low folic acid levels.
What does it mean for my baby?
The effects depend on how high the opening is and how much of the spinal cord is involved. It may cause weakness or paralysis in the legs, bladder and bowel problems, or fluid on the brain (hydrocephalus).
What happens next?
You may be offered more tests to assess the severity and discuss further management. You will be provided with detailed information and counselling. Some babies can have surgery before birth to close the opening. Others may have surgery after birth. A team of specialists will support you throughout the pregnancy and after birth. After birth management can include:
- Surgical Repair: Soon after birth, surgery closes the opening to protect the spinal cord from infection and further injury.
- Shunt Placement : To treat hydrocephalus, a shunt (a small tube) may be inserted to drain excess fluid from the brain.
- Multidisciplinary Care: Ongoing management involves neurology, urology, orthopedics, physical therapy, and social support.
Will this happen again?
There is a small risk it could happen again (<5% of future pregnancies). Taking a high dose folic acid (5mg) before and during early pregnancy can help reduce the risk. Genetic counselling may be offered.